نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال نوزدهم شماره 158 (امرداد و شهریور 1398)

Video modeling is a mode of teaching that uses video recording and display equipment to provide a visual model of the targeted behavior or skill. Present study aimed to effectiveness of video modeling on social skills of children with behavioral disorder.

This research was a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design with control group. 30 children aged 5 to 6 children who have behavioral disorder were selected by convenient method from Tehran city. The experimental group participated in video modeling training in 8 sessions (two sessions weekly; each lasts for 45 minutes). Matson social skills scale was used for measuring the all participants. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance method with using 23th version of SPSS .

The results of analysis of covariance showed video modeling training had positive and significant effect on social skills of children with behavioral disorder (P<0.001).
              

Therefore, planning for programs alike with the video modeling training has an important role in increasing social skills of children with behavioral disorder

Damage to social function is one of the hallmarks of autism spectrum disorder, which requires attention and intervention throughout a person's life, especially during adolescence. The present study was conducted with the aim of introducing PEERS for adolescents with ASD.

The results of the study showed that PEERS is a mana-lized program for the education and enrichment of communication skills and is one of the only evidence-based interventions that focuses on social skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The lessons are taught daily in classes 30-60 minutes continuously, 4-5 days a week, in a 14-week period. The most important aspects of the program include experiential support, parenting in the program, and paying attention to valuable social skills.

Today, children with IQ of 84-70 are not classified as mentally retarded. These children are able to study alongside other normal students, but they are not able to learn content and solve problems like their normal children and their peer, due to their late mental development.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the used methods for training of slow learners in elementary schools in North Khorasan and provide strategies for improving it. The statistical population includes all slow learners and their teachers in the North Khorasan province. A sample of 384 people was selected using Morgan sample size formula through simple random sampling. The research tools included student health records and researcher-made questionnaire for examining educational status. 300 completed questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

The results of this study showed that 19.67% of teachers reported that they provided training for slow learners, other than the usual classroom activities, and among these teachers, 11.33% mentioned that they used a different method for teaching late students. Teachers have used a variety of ways to train slow learners, most of which include providing extra tuition at leisure and sports, helping the family to work home-based homework, teaching lessons from the first grade. Also, the results showed that Student's academic performance was in the borderline situation.

To improve the quality of training for slow learners, all involved  individuals including   educational system, the manager, the teacher, the classmates and the student's family and the student themselves should be involved in training process.

Abuse and emotional neglect is one of the damaging factors to the function and development in children and its effects can often be seen in their adult life. The aim of this study is to predict of emotional disorders based on the severity of emotional abuse in students.

  Method of this study is the descriptive-analytic method. Research community included all first high school students in Jajarm. 519 students were selected through purposive sampling method. These students completed adolescent self-report questionnaire and emotional abuse questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression) were used.

The results showed that emotional abuse is directly related to emotional disorders in adolescents. In the other words, the symptoms of the emotional disorder in adolescents increase with increasing emotional anxiety.

The results showed that emotional abuse is related to emotional disorders in the student. Therefore, teachers and managers should pay attention to this issue.

This article synthesizes literature that compares the academic, cognitive, and behavioral performance of children with and without reading disabilities (RD). Forty-eight studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis, yielding 735 effect sizes (ESs) with an overall weighted ES of 0.98.

Small to high ESs in favor of children without RD emerged on measures of cognition (rapid naming [ES = 0.89], phonological awareness [ES = 1.00], verbal working memory [ES = 0.79], short-term memory [ES = 0.56], visual–spatial memory [ES = 0.48], and executive processing [ES = 0.67]), academic achievement (pseudo word reading [ES = 1.85], math [ES = 1.20], vocabulary [ES = 0.83], spelling [ES = 1.25], and writing [ES = 1.20]), and behavior skills (ES = 0.80). Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that specific cognitive process measures (verbal working memory, visual–spatial-memory, executive-processing, and short term memory) and intelligence measures (general and verbal intelligence) significantly moderated overall group effect size differences.

Overall, the results supported the assumption that cognitive deficits in children with RD are persistent.